The gymnasium was finally re-introduced to society as a response to Napoleon’s defeat of Prussia in 1811. A Prussian school master named Frederich Jahn decided to incorporate the use of gymnasiums in an attempt to improve the physical fitness of the Prussian soldier and citizen enabling their army to earn revenge for the earlier defeat. He dubbed his athletic arena Turnplatz, which is the literal translation of exercise field. It included a track for running, a discus and javelin field, and equipment he invented that would later be known as parallel bars, vaulting horse, and the high bar. By the mid 1800’s the idea of creating gymnasiums as a commercial venture was catching on. Hippolyte Triat, opened what is believed to be the first commercial gymnasium in Brussels, Belgium. He opened a second gym in the capital city of his home country Paris, France.